Reuben Lucius Goldberg (July 4, 1883 - December 7, 1970) was a Jewish American (United States) cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor. Goldberg is best known for a series of popular cartoons he created depicting complex devices that perform simple tasks in indirect, convoluted ways - now known as Rube Goldberg machines. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime including a Pulitzer Prize (Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning) for his political cartooning in 1948 and the Banshees Silver Lady Award 1959.

Goldberg was a founding member and the first president of the National Cartoonists Society, and is the name sake of the Reuben Award which the organization awards to Cartoonist of the Year. He is the inspiration for various international competitions, known as Rube Goldberg contests, which challenge participants to make a complex machine to perform a simple task.