Jacobus Franciscus "Jim" Thorpe (Sac and Fox (Sauk) (Fox language): Wa-Tho-Huk) (May 28, 1888 - March 28, 1953) was a Native American (Native Americans in the United States) athlete. Considered one of the most versatile athletes in modern sports, he won Olympic (Olympic Games) gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon, played American football at the collegiate and professional levels, and also played professional baseball and basketball. He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he was paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics, thus violating the amateur status (amateurism) rules.

Of Native American (Native Americans in the United States) and European American ancestry, Thorpe grew up in the Sac and Fox (Sac and Fox Nation) nation in Oklahoma. He played on several All-American Indian teams throughout his career, and barnstormed (Barnstorm (athletics)) as a professional basketball player with a team composed entirely of Native Americans.

In 1950, Thorpe was named the greatest athlete of the first half of the twentieth century by the Associated Press (AP). In 1999, he was ranked third on the AP list of top athletes of the 20th century.

His professional sports career ended in the years of the Great Depression, and Thorpe struggled to earn a living from then on. He worked several odd jobs, struggled with alcoholism, and lived his last years in failing health and poverty. In 1983, thirty years after his death, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) restored his Olympic medals to his name.