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India, officially the Republic of India (lang-hi???? ??????? langinc-LatnBh?rat Ga?ar?jya; see also in other Indian languages (Official names of India)), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest (List of countries and outlying territories by total area) country by geographical area, the second-most populous (List of countries by population) country with over 1.18 billion people (Demographics of India), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of convert7517kmmi-2. It is bordered by Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.
Home to the Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the regions diverse culture (Indian culture). Gradually annexed by the British East India Company (East India Company) from the early eighteenth century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence (Indian independence movement) that was marked by widespread non-violent resistance.
India is a republic consisting of 28 states and seven union territories (States and territories of India) with a parliamentary system of democracy (Parliamentary democracy). The Indian economy (Economy of India) is the worlds eleventh largest economy (List of countries by GDP (nominal)) by nominal GDP (Gross domestic product) and the fourth largest (List of countries by GDP (PPP)) by purchasing power parity. Economic reforms since 1991 (Economic liberalization in India) have transformed it into one of the fastest growing economies in the world (List of countries by GDP (real) growth rate); however, it still suffers from poverty (poverty in India), illiteracy (Education in India), corruption (Corruption in India), disease (Health in India), and malnutrition (Malnutrition in India). India is a nuclear weapon state (List of states with nuclear weapons) and has the third-largest standing army (List of countries by number of troops) in the world. A pluralistic (religious pluralism), multilingual (Languages of India) and multiethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife (Fauna of India) in a variety of protected habitats (Protected areas of India).
Native Name: ???? ???????*,''langinc-LatnBh?rat Ga?ar?jya''
Conventional Long Name: Republic of India
Common Name: India
Image Flag: Flag of India.svg
Alt Flag: Horizontal tricolour flag (deep saffron, white, and green). In the center of the white is a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes.
Image Coat: Emblem of India.svg
Alt Coat: Three lions facing left, right,and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto "??????? ????".
Symbol Type: National Emblem
National Motto: ''"Satyameva Jayate" ''(Sanskrit), langsa??????? ???? (Devan?gar?),"Truth Alone Triumphs"
Image Map: India (orthographic projection).svg
Alt Map: Image of globe centered on India, with India highlighted.
Map Caption: Area controlled by India in dark green;,Claimed but uncontrolled territories in light green.
National Anthem: ''Jana Gana Mana'',Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people
Other Symbol Type: National Song (National anthem)
Other Symbol: ''Vande Mataram'',I bow to thee, Mother
Official Languages: collapsible listtitle=Hindi, English (Official languages of India#Official languages of the Union)Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union and English the "subsidiary official language".
Languages Type: National languages
Languages: None defined by the ,constitution.
Regional Languages: collapsible listtitle=8th Schedule: (Official languages of India#The languages of the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution)Assamese (Assamese language)Bengali (Bengali language)Bodo (Bodo language)Dogri (Dogri language)Gujarati (Gujarati language)HindiKannada (Kannada language)Kashmiri (Kashmiri language)Konkani (Konkani language)Maithili (Maithili language)Malayalam (Malayalam language)Manipuri (Meitei language)Marathi (Marathi language)Nepali (Nepali language)Oriya (Oriya language)Punjabi (Punjabi language)SanskritSantali (Santali language)Sindhi (Sindhi language)Tamil (Tamil language)Telugu (Telugu language)Urdu
Capital: New Delhi
Latd: 28
Latm: 36.8
Latns: N
Longd: 77
Longm: 12.5
Longew: E
Largest City: Mumbai
Demonym: Indian (Demographics of India)
Leader Title1: President (President of India)
Leader Name1: Pratibha Patil
Leader Title2: Prime Minister (Prime Minister of India)
Leader Name2: Manmohan Singh (INC (Indian National Congress))
Leader Title3: Chief Justice (Chief Justice of India)
Leader Name3: S. H. Kapadia
Legislature: Sansad (Parliament of India)
Upper House: Rajya Sabha
Lower House: Lok Sabha
Area Km2: 3,287,240
Area Sq Mi: 1,269,210
Area Rank: 7th
Area Magnitude: 1 E12
Area Footnote: ?
Percent Water: 9.56
Population Estimate: IndiaPopCommas
Population Estimate Rank: 2nd
Population Census: 1,028,610,328
Population Density Km2: #expr:IndiaPop/3287240 round 1
Population Density Sq Mi: #expr:IndiaPop/1269210 round 1
Population Density Rank: 31st
Gdp Ppp: $3.862 trillion
Gdp Ppp Rank: 4th
Gdp Ppp Per Capita: $3,176
Gdp Ppp Per Capita Rank: 128th
Gdp Nominal: $1.367 trillion
Gdp Nominal Rank: 11th
Gdp Nominal Per Capita: $1,124
Gdp Nominal Per Capita Rank: 139th
Hdi: 0.612
Hdi Rank: 134th
Hdi Category: medium
Gini: 36.8cite weburl=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmltitle=Field Listing ? Distribution of family income ? Gini indexdate=15 May 2008work=The World Factbookpublisher=CIAaccessdate=6 June 2008
Established Event1: Declared
Established Date1: 15 August 1947
Established Event2: Republic
Established Date2: 26 January 1950
Currency: Indian rupee (?)
Currency Code: INR
Time Zone: IST (Indian Standard Time)
Utc Offset: +5:30
Time Zone Dst: not observed
Utc Offset Dst: +5:30
Cctld: .in
Calling Code: 91 (Telephone numbers in India)
Drives On: left
Footnotes: Collapsible liststate=uncollapsedtitle=Non-numbered Footnotes:* ''Bharat Ganarajya'', that is, the Republic of India in Hindi, written in the ''Devan?gar?'' script. See also other official names (Official names of India)? This is the figure as per the United Nations though the Indian government lists the total area as convert3287260km2sqmiabbr=on.