The Fairfax County Public Schools system (abbreviated FCPS) is a branch of the Fairfax County (Fairfax County, Virginia) government which administers public schools (Public school (government funded)) in Fairfax County and the City of Fairfax (Fairfax, Virginia). FCPS headquarters is located at 8115 Gatehouse Road in an unincorporated section (unincorporated area) of the county near the city of Falls Church (Falls Church, Virginia); the headquarters has a Falls Church address but is not within the city limits.

With over 170,000 students enrolled, FCPS is the largest public school system in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area and in Virginia. The superintendent of schools is Jack D. Dale. The school division is the 12th largest school system in the nation and maintains the largest school bus fleet of any school system in the United States.

The most notable commitment the county makes to its school system is the allocation of 52.2% of its fiscal budget to the school system. Including state and federal government contributions, along with citizen and corporate contributions, this brings the 2009 fiscal budget for the school system to $2.2 billion. The school system has estimated that, based on the 2006 fiscal budget, the county invested $13,340 in each student in 2009.