Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) (previously known as Dysmorphophobia is sometimes referred to as body dysmorphia or dysmorphic syndrome) is a (psychological (Mental disorder)) Somatoform disorder (Mental disorder) in which the affected person is excessively concerned about and preoccupied by a perceived defect in his or her physical features (body image). Depending on the individual case, BDD may either be a somatoform disorder or part of an eating disorder (eating disorders) or both: BDD always includes a debilitating or excessive fear of judgement by others, as is seen with social anxiety, social phobia (social anxiety disorder) and some OCD problems; or alternately may be a part of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and compulsive overeating. Although the term "body dysmorphic disorder" itself describes only those excessive social acceptance fears that relate to ones personal body image. Depending on the individual it may or may not also be part of one of these wider or related syndromes.

The sufferer may complain of several specific features or a single feature, or a vague feature or general appearance, causing psychological distress that impairs occupational and/or social functioning, sometimes to the point of severe depression (Depression (mood)) and anxiety, development of other anxiety disorders, social withdrawal or complete social isolation, and more. It is estimated that 1-2% of the worlds population meet all the diagnostic criteria for BDD (Psychological Medicine, vol 36, p 877).

The exact cause(s) of BDD differ(s) from person to person. However, most clinicians believe it could be a combination of biological (biology), psychological and environmental factors from their past or present. Abuse and neglect can also be contributing factors.

Onset of symptoms generally occurs in adolescence or early adulthood, where most personal criticism of ones own appearance usually begins, although cases of BDD onset in children and older adults is not unknown. BDD is often misunderstood to affect mostly women, but research shows that it affects men and women equally.

The disorder is linked to significantly diminished quality of life and can be co-morbid (comorbidity) with major depressive disorder and social phobia, also known as chronic social anxiety. With a completed-suicide rate more than double than that of major depression (three to four times that of manic depression), and a suicidal ideation rate of around 80%, BDD is considered a major risk factor for suicide. A person with the disorder may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or both. Research has shown cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to be effective in treating BDD.

BDD is a chronic (chronic (medical)) illness and symptoms are likely to persist, or worsen, if left untreated.