O. afer binomial = Orycteropus afer binomial_authority = (Pallas (Peter Simon Pallas), 1766) range_map = Leefgebied aardvarken.jpg range_map_caption = Aardvark range map

The Aardvark (Orycteropus afer) (afer (wikt:Afer): from Africa) is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa. It is the only living species of all Tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of Tubulidentata are known.

It is sometimes called "antbear", "anteater", "Cape anteater" (after the Cape of Good Hope), "earth hog" or "earth pig". The word "aardvark" is famous for being one of the first entries to appear in many encyclopaedias and even abridged dictionaries. The name comes from the Afrikaans/Dutch (Dutch language) for "earth pig" or "ground pig" (aarde earth/ground, varken pig), because early settlers from Europe thought it resembled a domesticated pig. However, the aardvark is not closely related to the pig; rather, it is the sole recent representative of the obscure mammalian order (order (biology)) Tubulidentata, in which it is usually considered to form a single variable species of the genus Orycteropus, coextensive with the family Orycteropodidae. The aardvark is not closely related to the South American anteater, despite sharing some characteristics and a superficial resemblance. The closest living relatives of the aardvark are the elephant shrews, along with the sirenians, hyraxes, tenrec (tenrecidae)s, and elephants. Together, these animals form the superorder Afrotheria.